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哲蚌寺

发布时间:2010-05-26 10:09:00   来源:百度百科

<P style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><IMG style="BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px" height=400 alt=哲蚌寺 src="http://img1.tibet.cn/tibet_cn/xzly/wzz/201005/W020100526368034398387.jpg" width=600 _fcksavedurl="../../system/read_image.jsp?FileName=U020100526366192042786.jpg" OLDSRC=W020100526368034398387.jpg /></SPAN></P>
<P style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">  哲蚌寺座落在拉萨西郊十公里外的格培乌孜山南坡的山坳里,为中国藏传佛教格鲁派六大寺之一。中国<SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/5225.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/5225.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>藏传佛教</SPAN></SPAN></A><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/13934.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/13934.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>格鲁派</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>寺院。与<SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/45404.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/45404.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>甘丹寺</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>、<SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>色拉寺</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">合称拉萨三大寺。</SPAN></P>
<P style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">  哲蚌寺位于<SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/1153.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/1153.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>拉萨</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>西郊更丕乌孜山下。整个寺院规模宏大,鳞次栉比的白色建筑群依山铺满山坡,远望好似巨大的米堆,故名哲蚌。哲蚌,藏语意为<SPAN>"</SPAN>米聚<SPAN>"</SPAN>,象征繁荣。<SPAN>1962</SPAN>年哲蚌寺列为<SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/9431.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/9431.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>西藏自治区</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>重点文物保护单位,<SPAN>1982</SPAN>年列为全国重点文物保护单位。哲蚌寺,藏语意为<SPAN>“</SPAN>堆米寺<SPAN>”</SPAN>或<SPAN>“</SPAN>积米寺<SPAN>”</SPAN>,藏文全称意为<SPAN>“</SPAN>吉祥积米十方尊胜州<SPAN>”</SPAN>。<SPAN>1951</SPAN>年后,政府非常重视哲蚌寺的维修和文物抢救工作。从<SPAN>1980</SPAN>年至<SPAN>1989</SPAN>年间政府先后拨款<SPAN>162</SPAN>万多元人民币,对该寺不断进行多方面的维修,使这一闻名中外的古寺更加庄严华丽,成为国内外佛教徒和游客朝拜观光的佛教圣地。</SPAN></P>
<P style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">  </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">哲蚌寺是藏传佛教格鲁派六大寺庙之一,也是全世界最大的寺庙,解放前这里的僧侣数目多达<SPAN>10000</SPAN>人。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">位于<SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/146474.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/146474.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>拉萨市</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>西郊<SPAN>10</SPAN>千米处的根培乌山上,海拔<SPAN>3800</SPAN>米,沿山势逐层而建,占地面积约<SPAN>20</SPAN>万平方米,寺内有<SPAN>7</SPAN>个札仓(僧院)。该寺是格鲁派祖师宗喀巴的徒弟绛央曲杰扎西班丹在大贵族朗嘎桑的资助下,于明代永乐十四年(<SPAN>1416</SPAN>年)动工兴建的,名为<SPAN>“</SPAN>白登哲蚌寺<SPAN>”</SPAN>,后简称<SPAN>“</SPAN>哲蚌寺<SPAN>”</SPAN>。在藏语里<SPAN>“</SPAN>白登<SPAN>”</SPAN>意为祥瑞庄严,<SPAN>“</SPAN>哲蚌<SPAN>”</SPAN>意为堆积大米。</SPAN></P>
<P style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">  哲蚌</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">寺建成后,很快发展为格鲁派寺院中实力最雄厚的寺院。<SPAN>1464</SPAN>年,哲蚌寺建立僧院,传授佛教经典。哲蚌寺内喇嘛大都很友善,若能邀得他们陪同游寺,肯定会有很多的收获。寺院占地面积约<SPAN>25</SPAN>万平方米,规模宏大。寺内原有七大<SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/1352440.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/1352440.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>札仓</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>(经学院),后合并为洛色林、果莽、德扬、阿巴四大札仓,西藏众多的名僧大都曾在此学经,最盛时有僧众近万人,是喇嘛教最大的寺院。现在寺内的主要建筑有措钦大殿、洛色林札仓、葛丹颇章、甲央拉康等,大都是明<SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/94436.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/94436.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>清</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>两代陆续修建的。寺院的主要建筑大经堂雄伟壮观,有<SPAN>183</SPAN>根立柱,柱上的雕刻十分精美,还有精美的织绣经幢、挂幢、<SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/418.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/418.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>唐卡</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>(卷轴画)以及佛像、<SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/68501.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/68501.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>壁画</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>等加以修饰,同时可以容纳八千人诵经。寺内还保存有大量<SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/2700.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/2700.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>藏族</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>的古代文献和经籍。</SPAN></P>
<P style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">  </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">哲蚌寺建筑结构严密,殿宇相接、群楼层叠,每个建筑单位基本上分为三个地平层次,即落院、经堂和佛殿,形成由大门到佛殿逐层升高的格局,强调和突出了佛殿的尊贵地位。其中规模宏大、雄奇庄严的措钦大殿,错落有致;不拘一格的德阳扎仓,粗厚古朴;布局严密的阿马巴扎仓,高耸森严;富丽常皇的甘丹颇章等都是西藏大型建筑的代表。在建筑外部又采用金顶、法轮、宝幢、八宝等佛教题材加以装饰,增强了佛教的庄严气氛,使建筑整体上显得更加宏伟壮观。公元<SPAN>1464</SPAN>年,哲蚌寺建立僧院,传授佛教经典。寺内共有<SPAN>4</SPAN>个僧院(扎仓)、<SPAN>29</SPAN>个康村。哲蚌寺主要由措钦大殿、四大扎仓(即罗赛林扎仓、德阳扎仓、阿巴扎仓、郭芒扎仓)和甘丹颇章几部分组成。</SPAN></P>
<P style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">  </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">哲蚌寺的法事颇多,每逢大型佛教纪念日和藏历每月的望晦日(即十五日、三十日)等吉日,都要举行相</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">应的法事。还有一些僧俗同庆的活动,其中场面最大的要算<SPAN>“</SPAN>哲蚌雪顿<SPAN>”</SPAN>了。<SPAN>“</SPAN>雪顿<SPAN>”</SPAN>藏语意为<SPAN>“</SPAN>酸奶宴<SPAN>”</SPAN>,原先是一种纯宗教活动。按照佛教的法规戒律,夏天有几十天禁止倍人出门的<SPAN>“</SPAN>夏居居<SPAN>”</SPAN>,直到解制为止。在开禁之日,世俗百姓以酸奶施舍。后来<SPAN>“</SPAN>雪顿<SPAN>”</SPAN>的内容更加丰富,宗教活动和文娱活动相结合,规模不断扩大。藏历六月三十日<SPAN>“<A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/15198.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/15198.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>雪顿节</SPAN></SPAN></A>”</SPAN>当天,先是以哲蚌寺为中心,清晨展览巨幅佛像唐卡画,接着举行<SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/74674.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/74674.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>藏戏</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>会演,实为僧俗同乐的乐节日。</SPAN></P>
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