大昭寺

<P style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><IMG style="BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px" height=400 alt=大昭寺 src="http://img1.tibet.cn/tibet_cn/xzly/wzz/201005/W020100526364611425489.jpg" width=600 _fcksavedurl="../../system/read_image.jsp?FileName=U020100526364019869016.jpg" OLDSRC=W020100526364611425489.jpg /></SPAN></P>
<P style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">　　大昭寺</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">是位于拉萨老城区中心，是一座<SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/5225.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/5225.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>藏传佛教</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>寺院，是全国重点文物保护单位，距今已有<SPAN>1350</SPAN>年的历史。大昭寺在藏传佛教中拥有至高无上的地位。<SPAN>2000</SPAN>年<SPAN>11</SPAN>月，大昭寺作为<SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/1663.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/1663.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>布达拉宫</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>的扩展项目被被批准列入《<SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/340391.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/340391.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>世界遗产名录</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>》，列为<SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/14389.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/14389.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>世界文化遗产</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>。<SPAN>(<A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/21796.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/21796.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>罗布林卡</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>在<SPAN>2001</SPAN>年也被入<SPAN>) </SPAN>。<SPAN>“</SPAN>去拉萨而没有到大昭寺就等于没去过<SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/1153.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/1153.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>拉萨</SPAN></SPAN></A>”</SPAN>。这是大昭寺里著名的喇嘛尼玛次仁的话，也是几乎每一个旅行者都同意的观点。</SPAN></P>
<P style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">　　</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">大昭寺位于拉萨的寺院。又名<SPAN>“</SPAN>祖拉康<SPAN>”</SPAN>、<SPAN>“</SPAN>觉康<SPAN>”</SPAN>（藏语意为佛殿），始建于唐贞观二十一年（<SPAN>647</SPAN>年），是藏王松赞干布为纪念尺尊公主入藏而建的，后经历代修缮增建，形成庞大的建筑群。</SPAN></P>
<P style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">　　</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">大昭寺始建于七世纪<SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/462487.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/462487.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>吐蕃王朝</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>的鼎盛时期，建造的目的据传说是为了供奉一尊明久多吉佛像，即释迦牟尼<SPAN>8</SPAN>岁等身像。该佛像是当时的吐蕃王<SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/7624.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/7624.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>松赞干布</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>迎娶的<SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/2173.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/2173.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>尼泊尔</SPAN></SPAN></A><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/1549352.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/1549352.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>尺尊公主</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>从<SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/36739.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/36739.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>加德满都</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>带来的。之后寺院经历代扩建，目前占地<SPAN>25100</SPAN>余平方米。值得一提的是，现在大昭寺内供奉的是文成公主从大唐长安带去的释迦牟尼<SPAN>12</SPAN>岁等身像。而尼泊尔带去的<SPAN>8</SPAN>岁等身像于八世纪被转供奉在<SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/157080.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/157080.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>小昭寺</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>。</SPAN></P>
<P style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">　　</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">大昭寺建造时曾以山羊驮土，因而最初的佛殿曾被命名为<SPAN>“</SPAN>羊土神变寺<SPAN>”</SPAN>。<SPAN>1409</SPAN>年，<SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/444702.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/444702.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>格鲁教派</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>创始人<SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/41626.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/41626.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>宗喀巴</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>大师为歌颂释迦牟尼的功德，召集藏传佛教各派僧众，在寺院举行了传昭大法会，后寺院改名为大昭寺。也有观点认为早在<SPAN>9</SPAN>世纪时已改称大昭寺。<SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/5405.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/5405.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>清朝</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>时，大昭寺曾被称为<SPAN>“</SPAN>伊克昭庙<SPAN>”</SPAN>。</SPAN></P>
<P style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">　　</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">大昭寺是西藏现存最辉煌的吐蕃时期的建筑，也是西藏现存最古老的土木结构建筑，开创了藏式平川式的寺庙布局规式。大昭寺融合了<SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/63202.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/63202.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>藏</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>、<SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/38299.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/38299.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>唐</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>、尼泊尔、<SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/2174.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/2174.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>印度</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>的<SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/295100.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/295100.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>建筑风格</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>，成为藏式宗教建筑的千古典范。</SPAN></P>
<P style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">　　</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">西藏的寺院多数归属于某一藏传佛教教派，而大昭寺则是各教派共尊的神圣寺院。西藏政教合一之后，<SPAN>“<A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/754695.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/754695.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>噶厦</SPAN></SPAN></A>”</SPAN>的政府机构也设在大昭寺内。活佛转世的<SPAN>“<A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/28786.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/28786.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>金瓶掣签</SPAN></SPAN></A>”</SPAN>仪式历来在大昭寺进行，<SPAN>1995</SPAN>年，确定<SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/49137.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/49137.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>十世班禅</SPAN></SPAN></A><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/553843.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/553843.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>转世灵童</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>的金瓶掣签仪式也是在这里举行的。</SPAN></P>