八廓街

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<P align=justify><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">　　八廓街，又名：八角街，位于拉萨市旧城区，是<SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/1153.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/1153.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>拉萨</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>著名的<SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/1119146.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/1119146.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>转经</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>道和商业中心，较完整地保存了古城的传统面貌和居住方式。</SPAN></P>
<P align=justify><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">　　</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">八角街是为了建筑大昭寺，并随着大昭寺的发展而建设和发展起来的，距今已有<SPAN>1300</SPAN>多年的历史。</SPAN></P>
<P align=justify><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">　　</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">7世纪，藏王<SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/7624.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/7624.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>松赞干布</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>下令在卧堂湖修建大昭寺，同时在湖边四周修建了四座宫殿，与嫔妃臣民移居宫殿亲自监督大昭寺工程的进展。四座宫殿即为八廓街最早的建筑。大昭寺建成后，引来了众多朝圣者朝拜，日久逐渐踏出环绕大昭寺的一条小径，为最初的八廓街。寺院周围陆续修建了<SPAN>18</SPAN>座家族式建筑，为远道朝圣的信徒或商人提供住宿地。</SPAN></P>
<P align=justify><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">　　</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><SPAN>15</SPAN>世纪后，大昭寺成为佛教传播的中心，其周围相继出现僧人宿舍、宗教学校、小寺庙建筑，众多信佛者迁居大昭寺周围生活，街上逐渐出现了大量民居、店铺、旅馆、手工作坊等设施。随大昭寺宗教地位的加深，藏传佛教认为，以大昭寺为中心顺时针绕行为<SPAN>“</SPAN>转经<SPAN>”</SPAN>，表示对供奉在大昭寺内释迦牟尼佛像的朝拜，八廓街成为拉萨三大转经道（大转、中转、小传）之一。后又出现了来自蒙古、汉地、<SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/27474.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/27474.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>克什米尔</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>、<SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/2173.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/2173.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>尼泊尔</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>、<SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/7805.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/7805.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>不丹</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>、<SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/2174.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/2174.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>印度</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>等地区和国家的众多商贩、香客、游民，发展成为集宗教街、观光街、民俗街、文化街、商业街和购物街于一身的街区。</SPAN></P>
<P align=justify><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">　　</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">八廓街原街道只是单一围绕<SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/28306.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/28306.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>大昭寺</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>的转经道，藏族人称为<SPAN>“</SPAN>圣路<SPAN>”</SPAN>。现逐渐扩展为围绕大昭寺周围的大片旧式老街区。八角街是围绕大昭寺修建的一条拉萨最繁华的商业街。街道以大昭寺为中心，西接藏医院大楼，南临沿河东路，北至幸福东路，东连拉萨医院河林廓东路。八廓街是由八廓东街、八廓西街、八廓南街和八廓北街组成多边形街道环，周长约<SPAN>1000</SPAN>余米，街内岔道较多，有街巷<SPAN>35</SPAN>个。八廓街属城关区八廓街办事处，下辖<SPAN>4</SPAN>个居委会，<SPAN>199</SPAN>个居民大院。</SPAN></P>
<P align=justify><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">　　</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">八廓街保留了<SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/173291.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/173291.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>拉萨古城</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>的原有风貌，街道由手工打磨的石块铺成，旁边保留有老式藏房建筑。街心有一个巨型香炉，昼夜烟火弥漫。街道两侧店铺林立，有<SPAN>120</SPAN>余家手工艺品商店和<SPAN>200</SPAN>多个售货摊点，经商人员<SPAN>1300</SPAN>余人，经营商品<SPAN>8000</SPAN>多种，有铜佛、<SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/419.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/419.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>转经筒</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>、<SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/2323113.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/2323113.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>酥油灯</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>、经幡旗、经文、念珠、贡香、松柏枝等宗教用品，<SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/584207.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/584207.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>卡垫</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>、<SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/71475.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/71475.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>氆氇</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>、围裙、皮囊、马具、鼻烟壶、火镰、藏被、藏鞋、藏刀、藏帽、<SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/5796.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/5796.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>酥油</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>、酥油桶、木碗、<SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/46934.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/46934.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>青稞酒</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>、<SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/164458.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/164458.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>甜茶</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>、奶渣、风干肉等生活日用品，<SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/418.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/418.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>唐卡</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>绘画、手绢藏毯等手工艺品以及古玩、西藏各地土特产等蕴涵民族特色的商品。另外，还有来自印度、尼泊尔、<SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/7227.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/7227.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>缅甸</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>、克什米尔等地的商品。</SPAN></P>
<P align=justify><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">　　</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">主要店铺有夏帽嘎布、玛吉阿米酒馆、雪域唐卡手工艺店、邦达昌等；街内遗存的名胜古迹众多，有下密院、印经院、席德寺废墟、仓姑尼庵、小清真寺等寺庙和拉康<SPAN>12</SPAN>座，有松赞干布行宫曲结颇章，黄教创始人<SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/41626.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/41626.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>宗喀巴</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>的佛学辩论场松曲热遗址，<SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/230052.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/230052.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>藏文</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>创始人吞弥<SPAN>?</SPAN>桑布扎的宅邸，曾派驻过<SPAN>84</SPAN>任<SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/58101.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/58101.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>驻藏大臣</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>的驻藏大臣衙门，原拉萨市治安机构及监狱<SPAN><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/1103108.htm" target=_blank _fcksavedurl="http://baike.baidu.com/view/1103108.htm"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN>朗子厦</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>等。另外，早晚信徒绕大昭寺按顺时针方向转经也成为重要的民俗文化景观。</SPAN></P>
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